不銹鋼精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)或稱熔模精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)，硅溶膠工(gong)藝(yi)。是一種(zhong)少切削或無切削的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)工(gong)藝(yi)，是鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)行業(ye)中的(de)一項優(you)異(yi)的(de)工(gong)藝(yi)技術，其應用(yong)非常廣泛，不僅適用(yong)于(yu)各種(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)、各種(zhong)合金(jin)的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)，而且生產(chan)出的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)尺寸精(jing)(jing)(jing)度、表(biao)面(mian)質量比(bi)其它鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)方法要高，甚至其它鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)方法難于(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)得(de)的(de)復雜、耐高溫(wen)、不易(yi)于(yu)加(jia)工(gong)的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)，均可采用(yong)熔模精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)得(de)。

　　所謂熔(rong)模鑄造(zao)(zao)工藝，簡(jian)單說就是用易熔(rong)材料(例如(ru)蠟料或塑料)制(zhi)(zhi)成可熔(rong)性模型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(簡(jian)稱熔(rong)模或模型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，在其上(shang)涂覆若干(gan)層特(te)制(zhi)(zhi)的耐火(huo)涂料，經(jing)過干(gan)燥和(he)硬(ying)化形成一(yi)個整體型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)殼(ke)后(hou)(hou)，再用蒸汽或熱水從型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)殼(ke)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)熔(rong)掉模型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，然后(hou)(hou)把型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)殼(ke)置于砂箱(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，在其四(si)周填(tian)充干(gan)砂造(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，最后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)鑄型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)放入焙(bei)(bei)燒爐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)經(jing)過高(gao)溫焙(bei)(bei)燒(如(ru)采(cai)用高(gao)強(qiang)度型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)殼(ke)時，可不(bu)必造(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)將(jiang)脫模后(hou)(hou)的型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)殼(ke)直接焙(bei)(bei)燒)，鑄型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)殼(ke)經(jing)焙(bei)(bei)燒后(hou)(hou)，于其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)澆注(zhu)熔(rong)融金屬而(er)得到鑄件。

　　熔模(mo)鑄件尺寸(cun)精(jing)(jing)度較(jiao)高(gao)，一(yi)般可達CT4-6(砂(sha)型鑄造(zao)(zao)為CT10~13，壓鑄為CT5~7),當然(ran)由(you)于熔模(mo)鑄造(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)工藝(yi)過(guo)程復雜，影(ying)響鑄件尺寸(cun)精(jing)(jing)度的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素較(jiao)多(duo)，例如模(mo)料的(de)(de)(de)收(shou)縮(suo)、熔模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)、型殼(ke)在加熱和冷卻過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)線量變(bian)(bian)化、合金的(de)(de)(de)收(shou)縮(suo)率以(yi)及在凝固過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)鑄件的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)等，所(suo)以(yi)普(pu)通熔模(mo)鑄件的(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)精(jing)(jing)度雖然(ran)較(jiao)高(gao)，但其(qi)一(yi)致(zhi)性仍需提高(gao)(采用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)、高(gao)溫蠟(la)料的(de)(de)(de)鑄件尺寸(cun)一(yi)致(zhi)性要提高(gao)很(hen)多(duo))。

　　壓制(zhi)熔模(mo)(mo)時，采用型(xing)腔表(biao)面(mian)(mian)光(guang)潔度高的壓型(xing)，因此，熔模(mo)(mo)的表(biao)面(mian)(mian)光(guang)潔度也(ye)比較(jiao)高。此外，型(xing)殼由(you)耐高溫的特殊粘結劑和耐火材料配制(zhi)成的耐火涂(tu)料涂(tu)掛(gua)在熔模(mo)(mo)上(shang)而(er)制(zhi)成，與熔融金屬直接接觸(chu)的型(xing)腔內表(biao)面(mian)(mian)光(guang)潔度高。所(suo)以，熔模(mo)(mo)鑄件(jian)(jian)的表(biao)面(mian)(mian)光(guang)潔度比一(yi)般鑄造件(jian)(jian)的高，一(yi)般可達(da)Ra.1.6~3.2μm。

　　熔模(mo)鑄(zhu)造最大(da)的優(you)點就(jiu)是由于熔模(mo)鑄(zhu)件有著很高的尺寸精(jing)度和表面光(guang)潔度，所以(yi)可(ke)減少機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)作，只(zhi)是在(zai)零件上(shang)要求較高的部位留少許加(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)量即可(ke)，甚(shen)至某些鑄(zhu)件只(zhi)留打磨、拋光(guang)余(yu)量，不必機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)即可(ke)使用。由此可(ke)見，采用熔模(mo)鑄(zhu)造方法可(ke)大(da)量節(jie)省機(ji)床設備和加(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)時，大(da)幅(fu)度節(jie)約金(jin)屬原材料(liao)。

　　熔模鑄(zhu)造方法的(de)(de)(de)另一優點是，它可以鑄(zhu)造各(ge)種合金的(de)(de)(de)復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)件，特別可以鑄(zhu)造高溫合金鑄(zhu)件。如噴氣(qi)式發動機的(de)(de)(de)葉片(pian)，其流線型外(wai)廓與冷卻用內腔，用機械加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝幾(ji)乎無(wu)法形成。用熔模鑄(zhu)造工(gong)(gong)藝生產(chan)不僅可以做到批量生產(chan)，保(bao)證了鑄(zhu)件的(de)(de)(de)一致性(xing)，而且避免了機械加工(gong)(gong)后殘(can)留(liu)刀紋(wen)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)力集中。