不(bu)銹鋼精密鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)或稱熔模精密鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)，硅溶膠工(gong)藝。是(shi)一種少切削(xue)或無切削(xue)的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)工(gong)藝，是(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)行業(ye)中的(de)一項優異的(de)工(gong)藝技術，其(qi)應用(yong)非(fei)常廣泛(fan)，不(bu)僅適用(yong)于各(ge)種類型、各(ge)種合金的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)，而(er)且生產出的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)尺寸精度、表面質(zhi)量比其(qi)它(ta)(ta)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)方法要高(gao)，甚至其(qi)它(ta)(ta)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)方法難于鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)得(de)的(de)復雜、耐高(gao)溫、不(bu)易于加工(gong)的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)，均可(ke)采用(yong)熔模精密鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)得(de)。

　　所(suo)謂熔(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)鑄(zhu)造(zao)工(gong)藝，簡單說就是用易熔(rong)(rong)(rong)材(cai)料(例如(ru)蠟料或塑(su)料)制(zhi)成可熔(rong)(rong)(rong)性模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(簡稱熔(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)或模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing))，在(zai)其上涂(tu)覆(fu)若干層特(te)制(zhi)的(de)(de)耐火涂(tu)料，經過干燥(zao)和硬化(hua)形(xing)成一個整體型(xing)(xing)(xing)殼后，再(zai)用蒸汽(qi)或熱水(shui)從型(xing)(xing)(xing)殼中(zhong)(zhong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)掉模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，然后把(ba)型(xing)(xing)(xing)殼置于砂箱中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)其四周填充干砂造(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，最(zui)后將鑄(zhu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)放入焙燒(shao)(shao)爐中(zhong)(zhong)經過高(gao)溫焙燒(shao)(shao)(如(ru)采用高(gao)強度型(xing)(xing)(xing)殼時，可不必造(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)將脫模(mo)后的(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)殼直接焙燒(shao)(shao))，鑄(zhu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)或型(xing)(xing)(xing)殼經焙燒(shao)(shao)后，于其中(zhong)(zhong)澆(jiao)注(zhu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)融金屬而(er)得(de)到鑄(zhu)件(jian)。

　　熔(rong)模(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)尺寸精度(du)(du)較(jiao)高(gao)，一般可達CT4-6(砂型鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造為(wei)CT10~13，壓鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)CT5~7),當然由于熔(rong)模(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造的(de)工藝過(guo)程(cheng)復雜，影(ying)響鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)尺寸精度(du)(du)的(de)因素較(jiao)多(duo)，例如模(mo)料的(de)收(shou)縮、熔(rong)模(mo)的(de)變形(xing)、型殼在加熱和冷(leng)卻過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)線(xian)量變化、合(he)金的(de)收(shou)縮率以及在凝固(gu)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)的(de)變形(xing)等，所以普(pu)通熔(rong)模(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)的(de)尺寸精度(du)(du)雖然較(jiao)高(gao)，但其一致性仍(reng)需提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(采用(yong)中(zhong)、高(gao)溫蠟料的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)尺寸一致性要提(ti)(ti)高(gao)很多(duo))。

　　壓(ya)制熔(rong)(rong)模時，采用型(xing)腔表面(mian)光潔(jie)度(du)高(gao)的(de)壓(ya)型(xing)，因(yin)此，熔(rong)(rong)模的(de)表面(mian)光潔(jie)度(du)也比較(jiao)高(gao)。此外(wai)，型(xing)殼由耐(nai)高(gao)溫的(de)特殊粘結劑(ji)和耐(nai)火(huo)材(cai)料(liao)配制成(cheng)的(de)耐(nai)火(huo)涂(tu)料(liao)涂(tu)掛在熔(rong)(rong)模上而制成(cheng)，與熔(rong)(rong)融(rong)金(jin)屬(shu)直接接觸的(de)型(xing)腔內表面(mian)光潔(jie)度(du)高(gao)。所以，熔(rong)(rong)模鑄件的(de)表面(mian)光潔(jie)度(du)比一般鑄造件的(de)高(gao)，一般可(ke)達Ra.1.6~3.2μm。

　　熔(rong)模鑄(zhu)(zhu)造最大的(de)(de)優點就(jiu)是由(you)于熔(rong)模鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)有(you)著很高(gao)的(de)(de)尺寸精度(du)和表面光(guang)潔度(du)，所以可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)機(ji)械加(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)作，只是在零件(jian)(jian)上要求較高(gao)的(de)(de)部位留少(shao)(shao)許加(jia)(jia)工(gong)余量(liang)(liang)即可(ke)，甚至某些鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)只留打磨、拋光(guang)余量(liang)(liang)，不必機(ji)械加(jia)(jia)工(gong)即可(ke)使用(yong)。由(you)此可(ke)見，采用(yong)熔(rong)模鑄(zhu)(zhu)造方法可(ke)大量(liang)(liang)節省機(ji)床設備和加(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)時，大幅(fu)度(du)節約(yue)金屬原材料。

　　熔模鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)方法的(de)另(ling)一優點(dian)是，它可(ke)(ke)以鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)各(ge)種(zhong)合金的(de)復雜的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件，特別(bie)可(ke)(ke)以鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)高(gao)溫合金鑄(zhu)(zhu)件。如噴氣式發動機(ji)(ji)的(de)葉(xie)片，其流線型外廓與冷卻(que)用(yong)(yong)內(nei)腔，用(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)工工藝幾乎無法形成。用(yong)(yong)熔模鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)工藝生產(chan)不(bu)僅(jin)可(ke)(ke)以做到批量(liang)生產(chan)，保證了(le)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件的(de)一致性，而且避免了(le)機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)工后殘留刀紋的(de)應力集中(zhong)。