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　　數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)是指(zhi)(zhi)用數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)進(jin)行的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。CNC指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床由(you)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)語(yu)言進(jin)行編程控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，通(tong)常為G代(dai)碼(ma)。數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)G代(dai)碼(ma)語(yu)言告訴數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)刀具(ju)采用何種 笛(di)卡爾(er)位(wei)置坐(zuo)標，并(bing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)刀具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)給速(su)度和主(zhu)軸轉速(su)，以及工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)變換器、冷卻劑等(deng)功能。 數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)相對手動加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)優勢，如(ru)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)產出的(de)(de)(de)零件(jian)非(fei)常精確并(bing)具(ju)有可(ke)重復性;數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)可(ke)以生(sheng)(sheng)產手動加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)無(wu)法完成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)有復雜外形的(de)(de)(de)零件(jian)。數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術現已普遍推廣，大(da)多數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)車間都具(ju)有數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)能力，典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)車間中最(zui)常見的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方式有數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)、數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車和數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)EDM線切割(電火花線切 割)。

　　進行(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑的工(gong)(gong)具叫(jiao)做數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑床或數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)中心(xin)。進行(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)削加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的車(che)(che)床叫(jiao)做數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)工(gong)(gong)中心(xin)。 數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)G代碼(ma)可以人(ren)工(gong)(gong)編程，但通常機加(jia)工(gong)(gong)車(che)(che)間用CAM(計(ji)算機輔助制造)軟件(jian)自動(dong)讀取CAD(計(ji)算機輔助設(she)計(ji))文件(jian)并生成(cheng)G代碼(ma)程序，對數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機床進行(xing)控(kong)(kong)制 。

　　數控(kong)車床進(jin)給加(jia)(jia)工(gong)路(lu)(lu)線指車刀(dao)從對刀(dao)點(或(huo)機床固定原點)開始運動起，直至返回該(gai)點并結束加(jia)(jia)工(gong)程序所(suo)經過的路(lu)(lu)徑，包括切削加(jia)(jia)工(gong)的路(lu)(lu)徑及刀(dao)具切入、切出等(deng)非切削空行程路(lu)(lu)徑。

　　精加(jia)工的(de)進給路(lu)(lu)(lu)線基(ji)本(ben)上都是(shi)沿其零件(jian)輪(lun)廓(kuo)順序進行的(de)，因此，確定(ding)進給路(lu)(lu)(lu)線的(de)工作(zuo)重點是(shi)確定(ding)粗加(jia)工及空行程的(de)進給路(lu)(lu)(lu)線。

　　在(zai)數控車床加工中，加工路線的(de)確(que)定一般要遵循以下幾方面原(yuan)則。

　　①應能保(bao)證(zheng)被(bei)加工工件的精度和表面粗糙度。

　　②使(shi)加工路線(xian)最短，減少空行程時間，提高加工效率。

　　③盡量(liang)簡化數值計算(suan)的工作(zuo)量(liang)，簡化加工程序。

　　④對于某些重復(fu)使用(yong)的(de)程序(xu)，應使用(yong)子程序(xu) 。