數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)指(zhi)用數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)進行(xing)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。CNC指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)由數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)語(yu)言進行(xing)編(bian)程控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，通常為G代碼。數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)G代碼語(yu)言告訴數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)刀具(ju)(ju)采(cai)用何(he)種(zhong) 笛卡爾位置坐(zuo)標(biao)，并控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)刀具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)進給速度(du)和(he)(he)主軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)速，以及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)變換器(qi)、冷卻劑(ji)等功能。 數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)相對手(shou)動(dong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)優勢，如數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生產(chan)出的(de)(de)零件(jian)非常精確并具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)可重復(fu)性;數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可以生產(chan)手(shou)動(dong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)無(wu)法完成的(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)復(fu)雜外形的(de)(de)零件(jian)。數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術現已普遍推廣，大(da)多數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)機(ji)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車間都(dou)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能力，典型的(de)(de)機(ji)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車間中最常見的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式有(you)(you)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)、數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車和(he)(he)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)EDM線(xian)切割(ge)(電火花(hua)線(xian)切 割(ge))。

　　進行(xing)(xing)數控(kong)銑的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具叫做(zuo)數控(kong)銑床或數控(kong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心。進行(xing)(xing)數控(kong)車(che)(che)削加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)車(che)(che)床叫做(zuo)數控(kong)車(che)(che)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心。 數控(kong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)G代碼可以(yi)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)編程，但通常機加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)(che)間用CAM(計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機輔(fu)助(zhu)制造)軟(ruan)件自動讀(du)取CAD(計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機輔(fu)助(zhu)設計(ji)(ji))文(wen)件并生成G代碼程序，對(dui)數控(kong)機床進行(xing)(xing)控(kong)制 。

　　數(shu)控車床(chuang)進給加工(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)線(xian)指車刀從對刀點(dian)(或機床(chuang)固定原點(dian))開始運(yun)動起，直至(zhi)返(fan)回(hui)該點(dian)并結束加工(gong)(gong)程序所經過的路(lu)(lu)徑(jing)，包(bao)括切削加工(gong)(gong)的路(lu)(lu)徑(jing)及刀具切入、切出等非切削空行(xing)程路(lu)(lu)徑(jing)。

　　精加工的進給路線(xian)基本上都是沿其零(ling)件輪廓順序進行的，因此，確定進給路線(xian)的工作重(zhong)點是確定粗加工及空行程的進給路線(xian)。

　　在數控車床加工中，加工路線(xian)的(de)確定一(yi)般要遵(zun)循以下幾(ji)方面原則。

　　①應(ying)能保證被加工工件的精(jing)度和表面粗糙(cao)度。

　　②使加工路線(xian)最短，減(jian)少空行程時間，提高加工效率(lv)。

　　③盡量(liang)(liang)簡化(hua)數值計算的工作量(liang)(liang)，簡化(hua)加工程序。

　　④對于(yu)某些重復使(shi)用的程序，應使(shi)用子程序 。