數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是指用(yong)(yong)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)進行的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。CNC指數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)由數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)語言進行編程控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制，通常為G代(dai)碼。數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)G代(dai)碼語言告訴數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)采用(yong)(yong)何種 笛卡爾位置坐標(biao)，并(bing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)進給速度和主軸轉速，以及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)變(bian)換器(qi)、冷卻劑等功能(neng)。 數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)相對(dui)手(shou)動(dong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)有(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)優勢，如數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產出的(de)(de)(de)零件非常精確并(bing)具(ju)(ju)有(you)可重復性;數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可以生(sheng)產手(shou)動(dong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)無法完成的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)有(you)復雜(za)外(wai)形的(de)(de)(de)零件。數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術現已普遍推廣，大多數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車間都具(ju)(ju)有(you)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)力(li)，典型的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車間中最常見的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式有(you)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)、數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車和數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)EDM線切(qie)(qie)割(電火花線切(qie)(qie) 割)。

　　進(jin)行(xing)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)的(de)工(gong)具叫做(zuo)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床或數(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)中心(xin)。進(jin)行(xing)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)車(che)削加(jia)工(gong)的(de)車(che)床叫做(zuo)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)車(che)工(gong)中心(xin)。 數(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)G代碼可(ke)以(yi)人工(gong)編程(cheng)，但通常機(ji)加(jia)工(gong)車(che)間(jian)用CAM(計算(suan)機(ji)輔助制造)軟件(jian)自動讀取CAD(計算(suan)機(ji)輔助設(she)計)文件(jian)并生成G代碼程(cheng)序，對數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床進(jin)行(xing)控(kong)(kong)制 。

　　數控車床進給加工路(lu)線(xian)指(zhi)車刀從對刀點(或(huo)機(ji)床固定原點)開始運動起，直至返回該點并結(jie)束加工程序所經(jing)過(guo)的路(lu)徑(jing)，包括(kuo)切(qie)削加工的路(lu)徑(jing)及刀具切(qie)入、切(qie)出等非切(qie)削空行程路(lu)徑(jing)。

　　精(jing)加工的(de)(de)進(jin)給(gei)路(lu)(lu)線(xian)(xian)基本(ben)上都(dou)是沿其零件輪廓順序進(jin)行的(de)(de)，因此，確(que)定(ding)進(jin)給(gei)路(lu)(lu)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)工作重點(dian)是確(que)定(ding)粗加工及空行程的(de)(de)進(jin)給(gei)路(lu)(lu)線(xian)(xian)。

　　在數控車床(chuang)加工(gong)中，加工(gong)路線的(de)確定一(yi)般要(yao)遵循以下幾方面原則。

　　①應能保證被加工工件的(de)精度和(he)表面粗糙(cao)度。

　　②使加工(gong)路線最短，減(jian)少空行(xing)程時(shi)間，提高加工(gong)效(xiao)率。

　　③盡量簡化數值計算的工(gong)作量，簡化加(jia)工(gong)程序。

　　④對于某些(xie)重復使用的程序，應使用子程序 。