數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)指用數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具進行的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。CNC指數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)由數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)語言(yan)進行編程控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，通常(chang)為G代碼。數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)G代碼語言(yan)告訴(su)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)刀具采用何種(zhong) 笛卡爾位置坐標，并控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)刀具的(de)進給速度和主軸(zhou)轉速，以(yi)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具變換器、冷卻劑等功能。 數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)相(xiang)對手動加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具有很大(da)的(de)優勢，如數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)出的(de)零件(jian)非常(chang)精確并具有可重復性;數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可以(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)手動加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)無法完(wan)成的(de)具有復雜外(wai)形的(de)零件(jian)。數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術現已普遍推廣，大(da)多數(shu)(shu)的(de)機(ji)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)(che)(che)間都具有數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能力，典型的(de)機(ji)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)(che)(che)間中最常(chang)見(jian)的(de)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)式有數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑、數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)和數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)EDM線(xian)(xian)切割(電(dian)火(huo)花線(xian)(xian)切 割)。

　　進(jin)(jin)行(xing)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑的工(gong)(gong)具叫做數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑床或數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)。進(jin)(jin)行(xing)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)削加工(gong)(gong)的車(che)(che)床叫做數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)。 數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)G代(dai)碼(ma)可(ke)以人工(gong)(gong)編程(cheng)，但通(tong)常機(ji)加工(gong)(gong)車(che)(che)間用(yong)CAM(計(ji)算機(ji)輔助制(zhi)造)軟件自動(dong)讀取CAD(計(ji)算機(ji)輔助設計(ji))文件并生成G代(dai)碼(ma)程(cheng)序(xu)，對數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床進(jin)(jin)行(xing)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi) 。

　　數控車床(chuang)進給加工(gong)路(lu)(lu)線(xian)指(zhi)車刀(dao)從對刀(dao)點(或機床(chuang)固定原點)開始運動起，直至返回(hui)該(gai)點并結束加工(gong)程(cheng)序所經(jing)過(guo)的(de)路(lu)(lu)徑(jing)，包括(kuo)切(qie)削(xue)加工(gong)的(de)路(lu)(lu)徑(jing)及刀(dao)具切(qie)入(ru)、切(qie)出等(deng)非(fei)切(qie)削(xue)空(kong)行(xing)程(cheng)路(lu)(lu)徑(jing)。

　　精加工的進(jin)給(gei)路(lu)線(xian)(xian)基(ji)本上都是沿其零(ling)件輪廓(kuo)順序進(jin)行的，因此，確(que)定進(jin)給(gei)路(lu)線(xian)(xian)的工作重點是確(que)定粗加工及空行程的進(jin)給(gei)路(lu)線(xian)(xian)。

　　在數控車床加工中，加工路線的(de)確(que)定一般要遵循(xun)以下幾方面(mian)原則(ze)。

　　①應能保證被加工工件的精度(du)和表面粗糙度(du)。

　　②使加(jia)(jia)工路(lu)線最(zui)短，減少空行程時間，提高加(jia)(jia)工效(xiao)率。

　　③盡量(liang)簡化數值計算的工(gong)作量(liang)，簡化加工(gong)程(cheng)序。

　　④對于某些(xie)重復使用的程(cheng)序，應(ying)使用子程(cheng)序 。