數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)指(zhi)用(yong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)進(jin)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。CNC指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)(chuang)由數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)語(yu)言進(jin)行編程控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制，通(tong)常為G代碼。數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)G代碼語(yu)言告訴(su)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)采用(yong)何種(zhong) 笛卡爾位置坐標(biao)，并控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)給(gei)速度和主軸(zhou)轉速，以及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)變換器、冷卻劑等功能。 數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)相對手動加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)，如(ru)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生產出的(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)件非常精確并具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有可重復(fu)性(xing);數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可以生產手動加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)無法完成的(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有復(fu)雜外形的(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)件。數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術現(xian)已普遍推(tui)廣，大多數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)間都具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能力(li)，典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)機加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)間中最常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式有數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)銑、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)和數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)EDM線切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(電火花線切(qie) 割(ge)(ge))。

　　進(jin)(jin)行(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑的工具叫(jiao)做數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑床(chuang)或數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加工中心。進(jin)(jin)行(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車削加工的車床(chuang)叫(jiao)做數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車工中心。 數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加工G代碼可以人工編程(cheng)，但通常機加工車間用(yong)CAM(計(ji)算機輔(fu)助制造)軟件(jian)自動讀(du)取CAD(計(ji)算機輔(fu)助設計(ji))文(wen)件(jian)并生成G代碼程(cheng)序，對數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制 。

　　數控車(che)床進給加工路線指車(che)刀從對刀點(dian)(或機床固定(ding)原點(dian))開始運(yun)動起，直至(zhi)返回該點(dian)并結束(shu)加工程序所經過的路徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，包(bao)括(kuo)切(qie)削(xue)加工的路徑(jing)(jing)(jing)及刀具切(qie)入(ru)、切(qie)出等非切(qie)削(xue)空行程路徑(jing)(jing)(jing)。

　　精加工的進(jin)(jin)給(gei)路(lu)線基(ji)本上都是沿其零件輪廓(kuo)順序進(jin)(jin)行的，因此，確(que)定進(jin)(jin)給(gei)路(lu)線的工作重(zhong)點是確(que)定粗加工及空行程的進(jin)(jin)給(gei)路(lu)線。

　　在數控車床加工(gong)中，加工(gong)路線的確定一(yi)般要遵循(xun)以下幾方(fang)面原則。

　　①應能保證被加工(gong)工(gong)件(jian)的精度(du)和表(biao)面粗糙度(du)。

　　②使加工路線(xian)最短，減少空行程(cheng)時間，提高加工效率。

　　③盡(jin)量簡化數值計算(suan)的(de)工作量，簡化加工程序。

　　④對于(yu)某些重復使(shi)用的程序(xu)，應使(shi)用子程序(xu) 。