數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)是指(zhi)用數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)進行的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。CNC指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)由數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)語言(yan)進行編(bian)程控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，通(tong)常(chang)為G代碼(ma)。數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)G代碼(ma)語言(yan)告(gao)訴數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)刀具(ju)(ju)(ju)采(cai)用何種 笛卡爾位置(zhi)坐標(biao)，并(bing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)刀具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)進給速(su)度和主軸轉(zhuan)速(su)，以及工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)變換器、冷(leng)卻劑等功能。 數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)相對手動(dong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)優勢，如數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)出的(de)(de)零件非(fei)常(chang)精確并(bing)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)可重復性;數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)可以生(sheng)產(chan)手動(dong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)無(wu)法完(wan)成的(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)復雜外形的(de)(de)零件。數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術現已普遍推廣(guang)，大(da)多數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)機加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)(che)間都具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)能力(li)，典型的(de)(de)機加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)(che)間中最常(chang)見的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)式有(you)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑、數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)和數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)EDM線切割(ge)(電(dian)火花線切 割(ge))。

　　進行數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑的工(gong)(gong)具叫(jiao)做數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑床(chuang)或數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)中心。進行數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)車削加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的車床(chuang)叫(jiao)做數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)車工(gong)(gong)中心。 數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)G代碼(ma)(ma)可以人工(gong)(gong)編程，但通常機加(jia)工(gong)(gong)車間用CAM(計(ji)算機輔助制造)軟件(jian)自動讀取CAD(計(ji)算機輔助設計(ji))文(wen)件(jian)并生成G代碼(ma)(ma)程序，對(dui)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)進行控(kong)(kong)制 。

　　數控車(che)床進給加工(gong)(gong)路線指車(che)刀(dao)(dao)從對刀(dao)(dao)點(dian)(或機床固定原(yuan)點(dian))開始運(yun)動起(qi)，直至(zhi)返(fan)回該點(dian)并結束加工(gong)(gong)程序所經過的路徑，包括切(qie)削加工(gong)(gong)的路徑及刀(dao)(dao)具切(qie)入、切(qie)出(chu)等(deng)非(fei)切(qie)削空行程路徑。

　　精加工的進(jin)給路線基本(ben)上都是(shi)沿其零件輪廓(kuo)順序進(jin)行的，因此(ci)，確定(ding)進(jin)給路線的工作重點(dian)是(shi)確定(ding)粗加工及空行程的進(jin)給路線。

　　在(zai)數控車床加(jia)工(gong)中，加(jia)工(gong)路線的(de)確定一般要遵循以下幾方(fang)面原則。

　　①應(ying)能保證被加(jia)工工件的(de)精度(du)和表面粗糙(cao)度(du)。

　　②使加工(gong)路線最短，減少空(kong)行程時間，提高加工(gong)效率。

　　③盡量(liang)簡化(hua)數值(zhi)計(ji)算的工(gong)作量(liang)，簡化(hua)加工(gong)程序。

　　④對(dui)于(yu)某(mou)些(xie)重復使(shi)用的程序，應使(shi)用子程序 。