數(shu)(shu)控加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是指(zhi)用數(shu)(shu)控的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)進行(xing)(xing)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。CNC指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)控機床(chuang)由數(shu)(shu)控加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)語言進行(xing)(xing)編程控制，通常為G代(dai)碼。數(shu)(shu)控加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)G代(dai)碼語言告(gao)訴數(shu)(shu)控機床(chuang)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)刀具(ju)(ju)采用何種 笛卡(ka)爾位(wei)置(zhi)坐(zuo)標，并(bing)控制刀具(ju)(ju)的(de)進給(gei)速(su)度和(he)主軸轉速(su)，以(yi)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)變換器、冷(leng)卻劑等(deng)功能。 數(shu)(shu)控加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)相(xiang)對手(shou)動加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)有很大的(de)優勢，如數(shu)(shu)控加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生產(chan)出的(de)零件非常精確并(bing)具(ju)(ju)有可重復(fu)性;數(shu)(shu)控加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可以(yi)生產(chan)手(shou)動加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)無法完成(cheng)的(de)具(ju)(ju)有復(fu)雜(za)外形的(de)零件。數(shu)(shu)控加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術現已普(pu)遍推廣，大多數(shu)(shu)的(de)機加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)(che)間都(dou)具(ju)(ju)有數(shu)(shu)控加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能力，典型的(de)機加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)(che)間中最常見的(de)數(shu)(shu)控加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式有數(shu)(shu)控銑、數(shu)(shu)控車(che)(che)和(he)數(shu)(shu)控EDM線(xian)(xian)切割(電火(huo)花線(xian)(xian)切 割)。

　　進行數控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)的工(gong)(gong)具叫(jiao)做(zuo)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床或數控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)中心。進行數控(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)削加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的車(che)(che)床叫(jiao)做(zuo)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)工(gong)(gong)中心。 數控(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)G代碼(ma)可以人(ren)工(gong)(gong)編程，但通常機(ji)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)車(che)(che)間用CAM(計算機(ji)輔助制造)軟件自動讀取CAD(計算機(ji)輔助設(she)計)文件并生(sheng)成(cheng)G代碼(ma)程序，對數控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床進行控(kong)(kong)(kong)制 。

　　數控(kong)車床進給加工(gong)(gong)路(lu)線(xian)指車刀(dao)從對刀(dao)點(或機床固(gu)定原點)開始(shi)運動起，直至返(fan)回該(gai)點并(bing)結(jie)束(shu)加工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)序所經過的路(lu)徑(jing)，包(bao)括切(qie)削加工(gong)(gong)的路(lu)徑(jing)及刀(dao)具(ju)切(qie)入、切(qie)出等非切(qie)削空(kong)行程(cheng)(cheng)路(lu)徑(jing)。

　　精加(jia)工(gong)的(de)進(jin)給路(lu)(lu)線(xian)基(ji)本上都是沿其(qi)零(ling)件輪廓順序進(jin)行的(de)，因此，確(que)定進(jin)給路(lu)(lu)線(xian)的(de)工(gong)作重(zhong)點是確(que)定粗加(jia)工(gong)及空行程的(de)進(jin)給路(lu)(lu)線(xian)。

　　在數控車床加工中，加工路線的確定(ding)一般(ban)要遵(zun)循以下幾方面原則。

　　①應能保證被(bei)加工工件的(de)精度(du)和表(biao)面(mian)粗糙度(du)。

　　②使(shi)加工路線最短，減少(shao)空行程(cheng)時間，提高加工效率。

　　③盡量簡(jian)化數值計算的工作量，簡(jian)化加工程序。

　　④對(dui)于某些重(zhong)復(fu)使用的程序，應使用子(zi)程序 。